biogeography
Biogeography is simply the geographic distribution of species. However, when it is put into an evolutionary persepective, scientists must consider that 250 million years ago, there was only one single landmass: Pangea. This supercontinent allowed for easy migration of species and organisms across modern day continents. When Pangea began to split 200 million years ago, some of these species were separated. Although these species evolved separately, they still remained similar. An example would be the Australian emu, the African ostrich, and the South American rhea. Biogeography is also useful in determining connections in widespread fossil records as shown in the photo.
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Here is a quick video on biogeography. It was made for students looking to learn about just biogeography and not all about the several types of evidences for evolution.